Today we will show you how to write a biography. What are the objects or things needed to write a biography, what are the outer and inner layers of the biography, and in this article we have covered many things. It is hoped that this article will convey some positive message to teachers, students and others. Now, many articles are being written without any restrictions
1. Subject entry
Biography is one of the essay creations of literature. Prose literature consists of narrative and non-narrative prose. Narrative prose includes stories, while non-fiction prose includes essays. As the biography contains the biography of the person concerned, it is close to the narrative structure and since it is a descriptive or analytical presentation of the biography, it is also close to the non-narrative structure. On the whole, a biography written with the two main goals of characterization of an established personality and encouragement to the younger generation is considered to be a specific aspect of literature, not blank information. It also has its own history, structural legislation and specific literary influence. Therefore, in this article, theoretical and creative information about biographical literature known in the world literature as the same inspiring and entertaining creation has been presented.
2. Theoretical form and tradition of biography
According to Sanskrit grammar, the word 'Jeevan', formed from the process of 'Jiv + lute', means life-giving, life-giving, life-giving. The word 'Jivani' is a noun with the feminine suffix 'e' in the same word. It refers to life or the theory of life in the etymological sense and literature written about the life of a specific person in the creative sense. An essay on biographical literature is a unique creation within the genre. The words biography, biography, biographical literature, biography, biography, etc. are used to describe 'biography'. Of these, the word biography or biographical literature seems to have become very popular in Nepali and other language literature as well. It presents the biography of a famous literary, scientific, philosophical, political or any other person who has made special contribution in any field in an artistic and entertaining style. Therefore, biographical literature is considered useful both in terms of entertainment and knowledge.
A 'biography' is called a 'biography' in English. The word 'biography' is a combination of the Greek words 'bios' meaning 'bios' and 'writing' meaning 'graphian' which literally means 'biography' or 'written life story'. In this way, looking at both Eastern and Western usage, it can be concluded that a biography serves to capture the life of a person and present it to the reader.
In the Eastern world, the use of biography seems to be less in Vedic literature and more in secular literature. In the Vedic period, the format of the biography is found in the introductory context of the sun, fire, etc., while in the Puranic period, the genealogy of the character is found in various Puranas. This seems to have laid a strong foundation for biographical literature. In the later literary age, biographical literature seems to have gained a lot of popularity. In the Sanskrit literary tradition, the earliest form of biographical literature appears in two works, Buddhacharita and Saundarananda, written by Ashwaghosh in the first century AD, while Harshacharita, written by Ban Bhatt in the first half of the seventh century, is considered as a powerful biographical literature with beautiful use of prose language. Since then, biographical works of poetry have been widely written in the Sanskrit poetic tradition. In Sanskrit, both prose and verse are considered as poetry, so many of the character poems created in the Sanskrit poetic tradition are considered as ancient achievements of biographical literature.
In Western literature, biography is given a special legal significance. Many forms of biography have been found in ancient Latin and Greek literature since the first century BC. The fact that the ancient Greek philosopher Plutarch wrote biographies of 50 prominent personalities of that time is found in Greek literature. Its basic purpose seems to be to spread moral message. Biographical literature seems to have gained much traction in Western literature with the publication of biographical works such as Life of Richard Savage by 18th century writers Samuel Johnson and Life of Samuel Johnson by James Baswell. Similarly, in the 19th century, biographical literature became very popular in European and American literature and it seems to have gained a departmental recognition. In Chinese literature, however, second-century BC historian Sima Chien has written biographies of prominent contemporary personalities in his historiographical works. It is against this background that biographical writing, which entered Chinese literature, seems to have gained formal momentum only in the 18th century. In the same way, even though some similar ancient forms have been found in Indian literature, it seems that biographical writing has been done consciously only from the time of Bharatendu Harishchandra.
Although the biography is thus connected with ancient times, it seems to have been in the field of literature for almost three hundred years. Although its creative use has been extensive so far, there seems to be little in the way of identifying it or discussing it theoretically. First, in the late seventeenth century AD, Dryden, a distinguished English scholar, defined biography as the history of the lives of certain people. In the Nepali context, the 'Nepali Comprehensive Dictionary' identifies a biography as a systematic article or statement, biography, biography or biography of someone. Similarly, Victor Pradhan has played a special role in introducing biography as a literary creation. He usually writes in his biographyIt is a gradual description of the deeds done by a person throughout his life. It defines the whole life of the protagonist or a considerable part of that life. Looking at these things, it can be said that a biography is a biography of every person, in which artistic representations are made from the general life style of the protagonist to specific contributions.
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If we look at the history of biography in Nepali literature, it seems that we have to reach the folk life. Popular folk songs, sawais, ballads and hymns in Nepali folklore contain descriptions of a specific character with genealogy. From the time of Veeradhara or even earlier, the contribution of a specific personality is described in the karkha and sawai sung by Nepali singers. It is from this secular background that the writing of biographies seems to have gained formal recognition as a literary creation only from the time of Motiram Bhatt. V.S. The biography of the poet Bhanubhaktacharya, written by Motiram Bhatt in 1948, is considered to be the first biographical work of Nepali literature. This was followed by Pratiman Thapa's 'Biography of Sir Jung Bahadur Ranaji' (1965 BS) and Naradev Pandey's 'Illustrated Biography of the Poet Motiram Bhatt' (1995 BS). Thus, from Motiram Bhatt to the present day, the Nepali biography writing tradition has completed a journey of 130 years.
3. Types of biographies
A biography is a biography of a certain personality, so there are not many ways to classify it. Scientists, philosophers, writers, leaders, etc., which are considered to be the field of identity of a person, are subject areas, not the basis of classification. Similarly, our textbooks are classified as National Biography, International Biography, etc. It is also a matter of one's geography. It doesn't make much difference in writing. In general, if we look at the composition process, based on the Nepali writing process, there are two types of biographies - directed biography and non-directed biography.
(A) Guided biography
This is a biography written focusing on a specific topic. It deals with the teaching and evaluation of a school or university. In its writing, the writer does not have to search for the person and the subject. The person, the subject and all the points required for it are given there, which as a whole is written in the language and as the paragraph is formed a whole biography is formed. Its purpose is to get more points than to identify the personality of the person. For this, not only the person and the subject, but also the structural dimension is guided. It should end in a 150 word seropher. Therefore, it is viewed from the point of view of Sipsikai rather than from the point of view of literary contribution. It only looks at how the description is managed or how artistic language is used in it or how much the composition is included within the evaluation line. So this is not independent creative writing, it is guided examination writing.
(B) Unstarred biography
Uninterrupted biographical writing is biographical literature. For this, the creator himself should search for the subject area, person and contribution etc. There is no compulsive environment in its writing and there is no score for this writing. Biographies are written for the purpose of identifying one's contribution and conveying it to the reader and inspiring them for life. In addition, biographies are created in an effort to perpetuate the contribution made by the person concerned for the society, the nation and the human race. What is the personal life of successful people in various fields around the world like? It is natural to be interested in what family and social life is like and what are the sources and endeavors of success. It is this interest that gives birth to biographical literature. Identifying such people spontaneously and presenting them in an entertaining style from a mixture of reality and fantasy is unwritten biography writing. Such works have made a significant contribution to world literature.
4. What does it take to be a biographer?
Biography is also considered as a popular literary material of contemporary Nepali literature. In this, the biographer has a special role to play rather than the related protagonist. Biographies are also prepared in short form for the readers at different levels and also as a whole book. It requires a biography of a specific personality and the art of presenting it in an interesting way. With this in mind, a biographer should write a biography. The following are essential for this:
(A) A mixture of history and literature
Biography writing is a part of history writing. Details play a special role in writing pure history, but since biography is a mixture of history and literature, it is not a succinct writing if it is presented in sheer detail. Therefore, the work of presenting the facts in rhetorical language without distorting them should be done in biographical literature. Literature works to create miracles of words, miracles of meaning and empowerment of emotions. History gives information, communicates knowledge and literature makes the heart happy. Hence the natural interplay of history and literatureThat biography is considered beautiful if it can be done.
(B) Narrative of biography
Biographical writing is the writing of biographies. It presents a series of events in the life of the protagonist. His biography becomes beautiful if it is narrated. Since the events of the story are the events of the life of the protagonist, the protagonist and the person related to the environment and the time, place and environment in which he lived, it does not require fictional world but the art of presenting that event in the style of story must be in the biographer. Biographies provide information or knowledge to the reader, while the narrative in it creates curiosity and joy in the reader. Therefore, narration of life events and experiences is considered necessary for writing a biography.
(C) A mixture of reality and imagination
If the biography is based on reality, then fiction can be a subject far beyond reality. The use of natural imagination is considered necessary to give a literary form to a biography. The imagination used in the biography should not be such as to give a new twist to the very subject matter like in other genres. For the whole body of the biography, only the work of outer garment should be done by the imagination, if the imagination enters as the use of the outer covering to make the body unrecognizable, then the biography is likely to lose credibility. So the more realistic, the less imaginative the use of the beautiful side of the biography.
(D) Writing honesty, restraint, neutrality and objectivity
Writing honesty plays a big role in a biography. The writer should not be influenced by any kind of thing while presenting the biography. If the writer is influenced by region, caste, class, gender, politics, etc., then the possibility of leaning towards the biography without increasing the truth increases. Victor Pradhan's argument in this regard seems relevant: "If the writer and the protagonist are acquainted, there is a tendency to present unnecessary things between the two. It is also clear from this that if there is any kind of positive or negative influence between the protagonist and the writer, it hinders the revelation of the truth. Therefore, honesty should be the first condition in a biographer. If the writer does not have restraint, the momentary impulse will affect him. Neutrality is necessary to ensure that the writer does not lean too much towards the merits or demerits of the protagonist, while objectivity is essential to prevent him from going beyond the facts and writing anything based on conjecture or fiction. If the author pays attention to the above mentioned things, then the expected result can be achieved from the biography, otherwise, instead of enhancing the reputation of the protagonist, the biography is likely to bring disrepute.
(E) Effectiveness of communication (language / style / presentation)
No matter how high the personality chosen for the biography and its contribution is, if the style of conveying it is weak, that biography cannot be excellent. Biographies are not about describing a person's ancestry, examining their family context, discussing their education and contributions, and concluding with a little bit of death. In order to make it very interesting, very curious and very attractive, it is necessary to have some rhetorical elements in the biography, but in the name of making the biography rhetorical, both praise and slander should not be allowed to enter. Biographies should not contain phrases such as "He is the second incarnation of God, his personality is the future, all the people of the world seem useless before his personality". Also, one should not abuse another in order to identify one's personality in one's biography. No matter how good the person concerned is, while inaugurating his character, the present corrupt leaders should learn from his biography that patriots, genocidal, intruders, immoral people should read his biography once and for all. Sentences like 'are not born' do not work to elevate the personality of the person concerned. Therefore, the language style of the biography should be smooth, entertaining and heartfelt. Praise for good deeds is mandatory in biography but not in a praiseworthy style, condemnation of bad deeds is mandatory but not in the style of swearing.
5. How to write a biography?
To write a biography, first of all, one needs a character hero. Most of us can only read biographies of people who have died, but we don't have to write biographies of people who have died. The protagonist can be either alive or dead. The writer needs to be clear about what subject the person belongs to, what is the specific contribution of the related field, what is the difference between writing and not writing his biography in the society, what kind of education, message or motivation his biography provides to the new generation. After that, the author will study and research more about the person concerned Prepares some notes by bathing. The same note becomes an important raw material for writing a biography. This is for the purpose of preparing the entire biographical work. If it is for writing a directed biography then no preparation mentioned is required, a sheer biography can be written focusing on the given details. Therefore, if a writer wants to write a biography, he can look at the following structures and steps to make the creation look beautiful and organized.
(A) Title selection
The title of the biography is usually the name of the person or the word identifying the person. In some biographies, an adjective may be added in front of the name, while in others, a title or phrase may be added to make the title more appealing, covering the nickname of the person concerned or the most effective event, context or touching context associated with his biography.
(B) Introduction (Subject entry section)
This is the gateway to biography. It opens the door to enter the main topic of the biography by discussing the person's name, date of birth, place of birth, ancestry, parents, family status, childhood, education, inspiration in the related field, etc.
(All of these things are not necessary if you are writing a directed biography, you have to write a paragraph including what is given there.
(C) Central part (contribution section)
This is the main part of the biography. It should be presented in a somewhat narrative and analytical style of the individual's personality, interests, life experience, endeavors for success, specific contributions, the impact of those contributions, the values, honors and titles received (if any), balanced analysis of merits and demerits etc.
(Even in this section, if there is a guided biography, everything should be covered in one paragraph focusing only on the given details.
(D) End part (Evaluation section)
This is the evaluation section of the character. By this time, the overall biography of the person concerned has already arrived. After an analytical discussion of his contributions, his impact on human life, the reasons why he should be immortal, etc., the section now discusses the long-term achievements, the epoch-making effect, etc. Is concluded.
(It is also written in a paragraph if it is a directed biography and in a chapter if it is a non-direct biography.)
These are useful for beginner biographers. The perfect creator can create someone's biography in his own plan and style. Not only that, it is just an external frame for biography writing. The biological artistry that resides internally is of its own kind in each creator. That is the personal characteristic, ability or specific identity of the Creator. Some have even presented their biographies in a completely narrative or essay-like manner in an unbelievable way. Such compositions have the appearance of a biography but not a complete biography.
6. Conclusion
Biography is a motivational literary work. No one can be a hero for this. An author should not write a biography based on a person's identity. The person concerned must have done something worthwhile to write his biography. The biography should be written only of a person who can accept something by the new generation. If the writing of the biography is superficial, only the above things come up which cannot address all the age groups. Since a biography covers everything from birth to death (if any), all age groups come together. Therefore, the biography should include small things and subtle incidents that can affect the reader. Such things on the one hand create credibility and on the other hand address the natural aspects of human character.
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